Biology Exam 20.03.2026 V1

  1. RL Which classes of eukaryotic organisms have cell walls? Name at least four major components of cell walls?
  2. RL The cell nucleus is the largest organelle within the cell. Describe its structure, sub-structure, and functions within the cell.
  3. HH Describe the four basic mechanisms of change and the main sources of genetic variation.
  4. AF Define the field of toxicology with a maximum of two sentences
  5. AF Give the size range of: prokaryotes (bacteria), viruses, proteins (bullet points)
  6. HH Describe the eight biological attributes of life. How many of them have to be present in a complex system to classify it as a living unit?
  7. HH Describe the two presumed pre-conditions for life
  8. CZ What is special about the nucleotide ATP?
  9. CZ What does “translation” in molecular biology refer to? Which molecules are involved?
  10. CZ Give an example of genetically modified crops and explain it briefly (What was changed? Why?)