Final Exam 26.02.26

  1. Draw a schematic sketch of a tensile test (stress-strain curve) of a titanium alloy (elastic modulus 100GPa, tensile strength 1.000MPa, strain at break 20 %). How can you determine the 0,2%-yield strength from such a stress-strain-curve?
    A medical implant with a square cross-section of 1x1mm^2? is made from this material. What is the maximum force (in N) such an implant can carry, assuming above tensile strength and a safety factor of 3?

  2. Define the terms Stiffness, Strength, Hardness, and Fracture Toughness. How does the deformed volume (V), the Flow stress (σ_f) and the Strain at break (E) influence the dissipated energy (W_p) during crack growth?

  3. Explain why low melting materials have a larger coefficient of thermal expansion than high melting materials by drawing the binding energy versus atom distance for both types of materials.

  4. Which 4 mechanisms are available for the strengthening of metals? Provide a brief explanation of each mechanism. How is toughness influenced by strengthening for individual mechanisms?

  5. Due to the very high strength and fracture toughness, zirconia is a widely used framework material in dentistry. Explain in detail the mechanism responsible for zirconia’s high fracture toughness.

  6. How are polymers classified in terms of morphology? Draw the elastic modulus versus temperature diagram for each of the 4 classes and describe their properties.

  7. Additive Manufacturing is a new processing method that can be used to produce dental restorations. What are the typical parts of a 3D printer used in a Lithographic Ceramic Manufacturing process (LCM) and what are the steps and (chemical) components required to print a ceramic part?

  8. What are the 3 functions of packaging for sterilization? Explain them briefly with some examples.

  9. Which International Standards (ISO) guidelines cover the „Biological evaluation of medical devices“? Name 3 subcategories if this ISO norm. Describe in detail one assay or test that appears in these guidelines.

  10. What are the 5 phases of the foreign body response, which biomolecules/cells are key players in each and what are approximate timeframes of each phase?

Total Points: 50

Time Allotted: 90 (not enough!!!)